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Hemarthrosis with intra-articular fractures can occur both as a result of a normal fall on the knee, and as a result of larger incidents. traffic accidents or falls from a height. With hemophilia, scurvy and hemorrhagic diathesis, hemarthrosis can develop even after minimal trauma. In some cases, the traumatic impact is so insignificant that the patient cannot even remember it. At the first degree of hemarthrosis (volume of blood flowing up to 15 ml), the joint is slightly enlarged in volume. The symptoms of the underlying injury (usually a bruise of the knee) predominate. Pain is local in the area of damage, there are no arching pains in the joint. Support on the leg is free or somewhat limited.
- In the second degree of hemarthrosis (the volume of the outflowing blood is up to 100 ml), the joint increases in volume, becomes spherical, its contours are smoothed out. During palpation, fluctuation is determined.
- With continued bleeding and the third degree of hemarthrosis (the volume of isotretinoin pills poured out more than 100 ml), the skin may become cyanotic, and the soft tissues may become very tight, tense. In some cases, there is an increase in local temperature.
- If hemarthrosis is caused by a bruise or is non-traumatic in nature (due to hemophilia, scurvy, etc.), the patient complains of moderate arching pains in the joint, especially pronounced when a large amount of blood is poured out. Support on the leg is possible, movements are somewhat limited.
With a significant accumulation of blood in the knee joint, there is a noticeable swelling along the anterolateral surfaces outside and inside of the patella. With hemarthrosis caused by more severe injuries (rupture of ligaments or rupture of menisci, fractures), symptoms characteristic of isotretinoin online are detected. So, if the ligaments are damaged, instability of the joint will be observed, in case of a fracture, sharp pain will occur, and support on the leg will be impossible, etc.
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Due to the accumulation of blood in the joint cavity, the tissues are compressed, their blood circulation is disturbed, which can be an impetus for the development of accutane changes (especially with repeated hemarthroses). Subsequently, blood cells begin to disintegrate, decay products enter the tissues, and this also has its negative effect on the hyaline cartilage and joint capsule. Hemosiderin (a pigment formed during the destruction of blood cells) accumulates in the tissues, because of this, the capsule, cartilage and ligaments become less elastic.
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If symptoms of hemarthrosis appear, you should go to the emergency room as soon as possible in order to receive timely treatment and prevent the development of accutane pills. At the pre-hospital stage, it is necessary to ensure that the limb is rested by laying it on a horizontal surface with a small pillow under the knee joint. You can apply cold to the joint (a heating pad with cold water or an ice bag wrapped in a towel).
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In the first degree of hemarthrosis, puncture is not performed, since such an amount of blood resolves on its own. A plaster splint is applied to the leg, it is recommended to apply cold for 1-2 days, maintain an elevated position of the limb and limit the load. Subsequently, UHF is prescribed. The duration of immobilization depends on the underlying injury.
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The blood is removed, the joint cavity is washed with novocaine. If necessary, hydrocortisone or triamcinolone is administered. Then a tight bandage is applied to the joint and immobilization is performed with a splint. Sometimes the blood in the joint accumulates again, so after 1-2 days a re-examination is prescribed. If necessary, the puncture is repeated. Usually enough 1-2, rarely 3 punctures. An elevated position of the limb and walking on crutches is recommended. The term of immobilization, as in the previous case, is determined by the underlying injury.
Hemarthrosis of the third degree, as a rule, accompanies severe injuries. In such cases, patients are hospitalized in the trauma department and the main injury is treated. Punctures are performed as blood accumulates in the joint. If hemarthrosis of the third degree occurs in the absence of severe injuries, this is also a reason for hospitalization in the trauma department. Persistently recurrent hemarthrosis is also an indication for in-depth examination, since repeated accumulations of blood may be due to cartilage damage that is not visible on radiographs.
Usually in such cases, the patient is referred for arthroscopy of the knee joint - this diagnostic and treatment method allowsnot only to clarify the cause of repeated bleeding, but in some cases to carry out all the necessary medical manipulations. For example, to remove damaged pieces of cartilage or a torn part of the meniscus.
- Hemarthrosis in hemophilia, along with standard therapeutic measures, requires transfusion of blood plasma and intravenous administration of antihemophilic globulin.
- The prognosis for traumatic hemarthrosis is usually favorable, especially in the case of timely treatment to a medical institution.
- Treatment is carried out in the hematology department. Recurrent hemarthrosis, as well as hemarthrosis in severe injuries and hemophilia, can cause complications and subsequent formation of arthrosis of the knee joint.
Osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint is a disease of the shoulder joint of a chronic form, which tends to progress if treatment is not started on time. Baker's cyst (knee cyst) - is a dense, soft and elastic tumor-like formation located in the popliteal fossa. Rheumatoid arthritis. what is it?
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